成都航空职业技术大学学报

航空发动机作为航空器的核心动力装置,其制造精度与维修质量直接决定飞行安全与服役寿命。清洗工艺是发动机制造与维修中的关键环节,但传统化学清洗、机械打磨等方法存在环境污染、基体损伤等问题。绿色清洗技术以激光清洗、高压水射流清洗为代表,凭借高效、环保、无损伤等优势,已成为航空发动机领域的重要发展方向。本文以航空发动机典型部件为研究对象,系统综述了激光清洗与高压水射流清洗技术的工作原理、工艺优化与应用现状,并分析两类技术的现存挑战与未来发展趋势。总结了未来需重点突破智能化参数自适应控制、复杂内腔清洗装备开发、多技术协同清洗等关键技术,推动绿色清洗技术在航空发动机高端制造与维修中的规模化应用。

As the core power device of an aircraft,the manufacturing precision and maintenance quality of an aero-engine directly determine the flight safety and service life. The cleaning process is a key link in engine manufacturing and maintenance. However,traditional methods such as chemical cleaning and mechanical grinding have problems such as environmental pollution and matrix damage. Green cleaning technologies,represented by laser cleaning and high-pressure water jet cleaning,have become an important development direction in the aero-engine field due to their advantages of high efficiency,environmental protection,and no damage. This paper takes the typical components of aero-engines as the research object,systematically reviews the working principles,process optimization,and application status of laser cleaning and high-pressure water jet cleaning technologies,and analyzes the existing challenges and future development trends of the two types of technologies. It is conducted that in the future,key technologies such as intelligent parameter adaptive control,the development of cleaning equipment for complex inner cavities,and multi-technology collaborative cleaning need to be breakthroughs,so as to promote the large-scale application of green cleaning technologies in the high-end manufacturing and maintenance of aero-engines.